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EC标志

时间:2016-08-26      阅读:218

 

 

EC (Electromagnetic Compatability)指令
机械指令(健康与安全)



EC指令

电气元件如:电磁阀、固态磁性开关、电气比列阀、电动执行器和控制器等等,都需要遵守EMC指令,该指令在范围上与机械指令类似。其中,现在对于设备的定义为“提供给终端客户,有具体功能的产品,可作为一个独立产品进行销售或使用”。

 


CETOP(欧洲液压与气动委员会)代表其成员发布了关于EMC指令的声明,因为该标准尤其与气动和液压公司紧密。该定义说明:EMC指令仅适用于集成应用线路板的气动元件。

 

 

Electro-pneumatic components i.e. solenoid valves, solid-state cylinder autoswitches, electro-pneumatic regulators, electric actuators and controllers etc. all need to comply with the EMC directive. The directive is similar in scope to that of the Machinery directive in that now the definition of apparatus is ‘a finished product having an intrinsic function which is intended for the end user or intended for supply or taken into service as a single commercial unit’. 
On behalf of it’s member companies, CETOP (Comité Européen des Transmissions Oléohydrauliques et Pneumatiques) has issued a position statement on the EMC directive as it specifically relates to Pneumatics and Hydraulics companies. This definition states that the EMC directive only applies to pneumatic components which use circuit boards incorporating “active” components.

 

 

 

对于SMC气动产品来说,这种定义在范围上过于狭隘。许多带电气元件的气动产品都不在CETOP(欧洲液压与气动委员会)定义的范围之内。即使是在EMC指令的范围内,仍可能会发射电磁能或受到电磁能的影响。因此,SMC将对众多在CETOP定义范围之外并且含电子元件的气动产品进行CE标记认证。

*,即使全部由CE标记认证的产品组装成的机械设备或系统,并不意味着该机械设备或者系统能够在未经测试的情况声明自己已经取得CE标记认证。但是,使用已经获得CE标记的元件能大幅简化产品的认证过程。这尤其适用于后认证工作采用技术机构档案方式。

 

The position taken by SMC Pneumatics is that this interpretation is too limited in scope. Many pneumatic devices with electrical elements which fall outside the CETOP definition may still emit or be affected by electromagnetic energy within the scope of the EMC directives. SMC will therefore certificate and CE mark many pneumatic components which have an electrical content but fall outside the CETOP definition. 
While it is acknowledged that building a machine or system wholly from CE marked components does not mean that the machine or system can be CE marked without final testing, the use of CE marked components can greatly simplify the process of certificating a finished product. This is particularly applicable when the Technical Construction File (TCF) route is followed for final certification.



CE机械指令(健康与安全) CE Machinery (Health & Safety)

机械指令(关于机械 &  安全元件的设计与构造的 “基本健康和安全要求”)

Machinery (Essential Health & Safety Requirements Relating to the Design & Construction of Machinery & Safety Components)

 

虽然经过认证的系统和机械,其上安装的气动和电气元件也包括在这个标准内,但是它们作为个体就不适用该标准。机械指令范围还包括“安全元件”,在本文中按下述方式定义:“一个安全元件就是一个单独销售、专门设计、制造并为某项安全功能推向市场的元件”。

Although pneumatic & electro-pneumatic components are used in systems and on machines covered by this directive they do not individually come within it’s scope.
The scope of the Machinery Directive also includes ‘safety components’, which are defined in this context as follows:
“A safety component is a component, sold separay, specifically designed, manufactured and marketed for a safety function.”

 


因此,偶尔用于安全系统的标准元件,凭借其自身实力来说,其不能被划分为安全元件。包含在安全元件范畴内而没有CE标记,就必须按类型认证,该项工作应该由认证机构进行而不是由用户自己来鉴定。如果控制面板不包括执行元件,其不能被划分为机械。

Thus, standard components which happen to be used in a safety system, would not be classified as safety components in their own right. Safety components which are encompassed are not to be CE marked but conformance must be by type approval conducted by a ‘recognised body’ rather than self certification.Control panels will not be categorised as a machine provided they do not contain or include actuators.

 

 

欧盟新版机械指令2006/42/EC 将于2009年12 月29 日起生效执行(例外:唯有可携带式匣带加工机械或具有挤压功能的加工机匣,可以到2011年6月29日才实施),取代现行的机械指令98/37/EC,且无缓冲过渡期。据官fang的文件,只有在12月29日之后,才能建立一份根据指令2006/42/EC的声明。新版指令有许多差异,对销往欧盟的机械制造商与经销商将造成较大影响。 

 

新版机械指令2006/42/EC的主要变化:

    新版机械指令2006/42/EC和旧版机械指令98/37/EC的主要区别在于指令的适用范围,基本健康和安全要求,定义以及符合性评估程序和市场监督方面。

    1、新指令适用范围增加了半成品,举升附件等;

     (a) machinery 机械设备; 
     (b) interchangeable equipment 可互换性设备; 
     (c) safety components 安全零组件; 
     (d) lifting accessories 升降机附件; 
     (e) chains, ropes and webbing 链条、绳索、丝网; 
     (f) removable mechanical transmission devices 可拆卸的机械传动装置; 
     (g) partly completed machinery 机械半成品机械装置. 

    2、新指令附录I基本健康和安全同老指令存在一些技术差异,如噪音声压值80dB需标出声功率值;

    3、新指令增加了更多术语明确的定义如半成品,制造商;

    4、评估程序,新指令不在使用“storage option”模式,只接收下列中的一个模式:

     (a) the procedure for assessment of conformity with internal checks on the manufacture of machinery, provided for in Annex VIII 自我宣告; 
     (b) the EC type-examination procedure provided for in Annex IX, plus the internal checks on the manufacture of machinery provided for in Annex VIII, point 3 EC 型式验证; 
     (c) the full quality assurance procedure provided for in Annex X 全面质量保证模试. 

    5、机械指令2006/42/EC对于附录四(Annex IV)中危险机械的产品清单进行了更新,在98/37/EC指令中17种危险机械的基础上增加到23种;同时对于98/37/EC Annex IV part B部分的安全机械部件,在2006/42/EC中单独以附录五(Annex V)的形式列出,由原来的5个安全部件增加到17类产品,通过更新目录及限制进入欧盟市场进行控制。

    6、新指令要求半成品投入市场需达到以下要求并随同半成品一起提供直到成品完成:
     (a) the relevant technical documentation described in Annex VII, part B is prepared 编制附录VII B的技术文件; 
     (b) assembly instructions described in Annex VI are prepared 附录VI描述的装配说明书; 
     (c) a declaration of incorporation described in Annex II, part 1, Section B has been drawn up 宣告. 

    7、加强了市场监督力度:

    由于目前不合法的CE证书或宣告太多,许多带有CE标志的机械产品并没有达到相关欧盟指令的要求,新版机械指令加强市场监督力度。不论是欧盟各国的制造商,还是外国所制造而销往欧盟境內的机械制造商,为了方便欧盟CE监督机构的监督工作有效进行,新版机械指令规定:在制造商的宣告文件中必须要有制造商授权编制整套TCF技术文件的负责人名称及联络地址,并且此人必须被确定在欧盟境内。(原文:The EC declaration of conformity must contain the following particulars: name and address of the person authorised to compile the technical file, who must be established in the Community。) 也就是说,一但欧盟CE监督机构发现CE证书或宣告存在虚假迹象,机械产品没有达到相关欧盟指令的要求或机械产品出现了安全事故时,他们能够立即在欧盟境內到此负责人,此人代表制造商与欧盟当局处理CE相关事宜。

 

 

新版机械指令2006/42/EC已公布的新标准:

欧盟委员会已委派欧洲电工标准化委员会(CENELEC)发展新标准以确保现行标准可以按照新版机械指令2006/42/EC查验并做必要的改编。此外,所有协调标准必须包含对新指令的一个参照。具体请查看附件2006/42/EC指令下已公布的标准,新指令协

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